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Messaging Without Big Tech
Free & Open Alternatives to WhatsApp and Messenger
MakerFLOSS · April 2026
Why Are We Here?
Most people use WhatsApp, Messenger, or iMessage.
What's the problem?
- WhatsApp — owned by Meta; metadata harvested; backup encryption only added under pressure
- Messenger — no E2EE by default in groups; extensive ad tracking
- Telegram — not E2EE by default; groups are server-side; closed server
- iMessage — Apple lock-in; not available on Android or Linux
These apps are convenient — but the cost is your data.
Whish-list
| Property | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| End-to-end encryption | Only sender and recipient can read messages |
| Open source | Anyone can audit the code |
| Self-hostable | You control the server and the data |
| No phone number required | Less identity linkage |
| Cross-platform | Linux, Android, iOS, Windows |
| Federated / decentralized | No single point of failure or control |
The Landscape at a Glance
| App | E2EE | Open source | Self-host | No phone# | Federation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal | ✓ | Partial | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Matrix / Element | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| XMPP + OMEMO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Briar | ✓ | ✓ | N/A | ✓ | N/A |
| Session | ✓ | ✓ | Partial | ✓ | Partial |
| Threema | ✓ | ✓ | Partial | Optional | ✗ |
Signal — The Gold Standard for E2EE
Created by Moxie Marlinspike (2013), now run by the non-profit Signal Foundation.
The Signal Protocol is the encryption layer also used by: WhatsApp, Google Messages (RCS), Skype, Facebook Messenger (secret chats)
Pros
- Extremely simple UX — works like a normal messaging app
- Calls, groups, disappearing messages, Stories, Note to Self
- Audited, battle-tested cryptography
- No ads, no tracking, no data sold
Cons
- Phone number required — links your identity to your account
- Centralized — Signal's servers, Signal's rules
- Server source code published but community forks are blocked
Signal — Under the Hood
Alice's phone Signal Server Bob's phone
───────────── ───────────── ──────────
[message] ──encrypt(Bob's key)──▶ [stores ciphertext] ──────▶ decrypt ──▶ [message]
- The server sees: who talks to whom, when, and how often
- The server does not see: message content
- This metadata is still significant — read the Signal subpoena responses
Best for: journalists, activists, family group chats, anyone who wants simple + secure
Matrix — The Federated Open Standard
Matrix is a protocol, not an app — like email, but for real-time chat.
[your homeserver] ←──federation──▶ [another homeserver]
▲ ▲
Element client FluffyChat client
- Standard: matrix.org (open spec, anyone can implement)
- Server software: Synapse (Python), Conduit (Rust), Dendrite (Go)
- Clients: Element, FluffyChat, Cinny, Fractal (GNOME), Nheko
- Bridges: WhatsApp, Signal, Slack, Discord, IRC, XMPP — all bridgeable
Matrix — Pros and Cons
Pros
- Fully open source, top to bottom
- Self-host your own homeserver — you own your data
- Federated — no single company controls the network
- Bridges let you consolidate all your chats in one place
- Persistent rooms, Spaces (like Discord servers), threads
Cons
- E2EE key management is still clunky (cross-signing, key backup)
- Synapse is resource-hungry (~1 GB RAM for a small server)
- Message history sync across federation is slow
- The UX of Element is still maturing
Matrix — Why It's Interesting for MakerFLOSS
We could run our own homeserver at matrix.makerfloss.eu.
What this gives us:
- Full control over our community chat
- Bridges to reach people still on WhatsApp or Messenger
- A playground for learning about self-hosted infrastructure
- Federated — members can also use matrix.org or their personal servers
Matrix Bridges — Stay Connected During the Transition
A bridge connects Matrix to another network — messages flow both ways.
[WhatsApp contact] ←──── WhatsApp servers ────▶ [mautrix-whatsapp bridge] ←──── Matrix ────▶ [You]
You keep your existing accounts. Your contacts don't need to switch.
| Bridge | Network | Notes |
|---|---|---|
mautrix-whatsapp |
Puppeting — uses your real WA account | |
mautrix-telegram |
Telegram | Puppeting — very stable |
mautrix-signal |
Signal | Fragile — Signal actively breaks 3rd-party |
matrix-appservice-irc |
IRC | Mature, widely used |
heisenbridge |
IRC | Simpler alternative |
The pitch: Use Matrix as your single inbox — WhatsApp, Telegram, IRC all in one place.
The catch: Puppeting bridges need server access to your account credentials. WhatsApp's ToS prohibits it — occasional bans occur.
Two More Worth Knowing
XMPP (Jabber)
The original federated chat standard — 1999. Still alive and kicking.
- Extremely mature and lightweight
- Good clients: Conversations (Android), Monal (iOS/macOS), Gajim (desktop)
- E2EE via OMEMO
- Con: fragmented client quality; setup less beginner-friendly
Briar
Peer-to-peer messaging — no server at all.
- Works over Tor, local WiFi, or Bluetooth (offline!)
- Censorship-resistant by design
- Con: Android only (iOS in beta); no desktop client; both parties must be online to first connect
Resources
| Resource | Link |
|---|---|
| Signal | signal.org |
| Matrix spec | spec.matrix.org |
| Element client | element.io |
| FluffyChat | fluffychat.im |
| Conduit server | conduit.rs |
| Briar | briarproject.org |
| Privacy Guides (comparison) | privacyguides.org/en/real-time-communication |
| EFF Surveillance Self-Defense | ssd.eff.org |